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Chapter 4 – Infancy
Gross Motor Skills
Fine Motor Skills
Motor Skills Development:
i. Cephalocaudal
ii. Proximodistal
4 Factors in new motor skills:
i. CNS Development
ii. Body movement’s capacity
iii. Child’s goals
iv. Environmental supports
Steps in grasping:
i. Palmar grasp
ii. Ulnar grasp
iii. Pincer grasp
Steps in reaching and grasping:
i. Pre-reaching
ii. Premature reaching
iii. Ulnar grasp
iv. Pincer grasp
4 types of Learning:
i. Habituation
ii. Classical conditioning
iii. Operant conditioning
iv. Observational learning
Infant measures of attention:
i. Behavioral
ii. Psychophysiological
Infants sensory capacities:
i. Behavioral
ii. Habituation-dishabituation method
iii. Operant conditioning method
Vision:
i. Preferential looking
ii. Habituation-dishabituation
iii. Electrophysiological
Seeing a stimulus:
i. Locate (Saccades, smooth visual pursuits, Vergence)
ii. Focus (Visual accomidation, papillary reflex)
iii. Transduction
iv. Interpretation
Visual Components:
i. Form Perception
ii. Pattern perception
iii. Contrast
iv. Color perception
Sound Components:
i. Duration
ii. Pitch/tone
iii. Intensity/loudness
iv. Location
Taste components – Sweet, salts, bitter and sour

Chapter 5 – Physical Growth
Factors affecting physical growth:
i. Heredity
ii. Nutrition
iii. Climate
iv. Infectious diseases
v. Emotional well-being
Factors affecting Body growth
i. Genetics
ii. Nervous system (Hypothalamus)
iii. Hormonal influences (pituitary gland, adrenal gland, gonads, thyroid gland)
iv. Nutrition
v. Environment/climate
vi. Mental health
vii. Infectious diseases/malnutrition
Brain Development:
A. Brain cells – Glia (myelination), Neurons (proliferation, migration, differentiation)
B. Cerebral Cortex – Hemispheric specialization (left: VAP-ESP, right: SAN-EHP)
Brain plasticity depends on:
i. Age
ii. Location

Chapter 6 - Cognitive Development
Scheme modification:
i. Organization
ii. Adaption (Assimilation, Accommodation)
4-Stage theory of human development:
i. Sensorimotor
ii. Preoperational (Pre-conceptual phase, intuitive phase)
iii. Concrete operational
iv. Formal operational

Chapter 7 – Cognitive Development (cont’d)
Store-model components
i. Sensory register
ii. Short term (working memory)
iii. Long term (permanent memory)
Information processing development:
i. Capacity
ii. Strategy use
Control processes of Cognitive development:
i. Attention (Sustained, selective, adaptable)
Attention strategies emerged through 4 stages (Production deficiency, control deficiency, utilization deficiency, effective strategy use)
Planning occurs in 5 steps (Postpone, organize, remember, monitor, revise)
ii. Memory
Storage and retrieval (Recognition and recall)
Memory strategies (Rehearsal, organization –chunking and categorizing – and elaboration)